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Kafukufuku kwambiri wa metabolic mu mbewa amachitika kutentha, ngakhale pansi pa zinthuzi, mosiyana ndi anthu, mbewa, amakhalapo mphamvu zambiri kukonza mphamvu zamkati. Pano, timalongosola zonenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri (dio) mu C57BL / 6j mbewa FED Chd. Makoswe adayikidwa m'masiku 33 ali 22, 25, 27, 27, 25 ndi 30 ° Cellorimetry System. Timawonetsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera zamagetsi zimachuluka kuchokera pa 30 ° C mpaka 10 ° C Firms modeds. M'malo olemera olemera, kudya zakudya zomwe zatha. Mofananamo, madera a Dio sanachepetse kudya kwa chakudya pamene Ee anachepa. Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa kafukufuku, mbewa pa 30 ° 100 ° 100, mafuta akulu ndi plasma glycerol ndi triglycerides kuposa ma mbewa 22 ° C. Kusakhazikika kwa mbewa ku dice kungakhale chifukwa chodya chakudya chokha chosangalatsa.
Mouse ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophunzira zaphwimba a anthu ndi pathophysuology, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama yosinthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zinthu zopezeka ndi mankhwala. Komabe, mbewa zimasiyana ndi anthu m'njira zingapo zofunika kwambiri zathupi, ndipo ngakhale kukula kwa aldometric kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka kungotanthauzira mwa anthu, kusanthula kwakukulu pakati pa mbewa ndi anthu akufalikira porrmostasis. Izi zikuwonetsa kusakhazikika kwamphamvu. Mphepete mwamphamvu za mbewa zazikuluzikulu ndizocheperako zikwimbiri . Equation 2. Zotsatira zake, mbewa zimawononga kwambiri voliyumu yawo, motero amatenga kutentha kwambiri, amakonda kwambiri ma carpothermia apamwamba kuposa a anthu. Kutentha kwa chipinda (~ 22 ° C), a mbewa ayenera kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo zonse (ee) pofika 30% kuti asamalire kutentha kwa thupi. Pamadzi ochepa, ee amawonjezera zochulukirapo pafupifupi 50% ndi 100% pa 15 ndi 7 ° C poyerekeza ndi ee pa 22 ° C. Chifukwa chake, mikhalidwe yodalirika yanyumba imalimbikitsa kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, yomwe ikanasokoneza kusinthidwa kwa anthu, chifukwa anthu okhala m'magulu amakono amathera nthawi yayitali (chifukwa) Kutentha, monga momwe timapangira malo oyambira (TNz) kuzungulira US. gulu la band lokha la 2-4 ° C7,8, mbali yofunikayi yalandila chidwi m'zaka zaposachedwa 6,8,8,910,10,11,112 Kuchulukitsa kutentha kwa chipolopolo 9. Komabe, palibe mgwirizano pamtundu wamatenthedwe womwe umapanga mphuno ya mbewa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kutentha kovuta mu Thermoonelitral osiyanasiyana mbewa kumayandikira mpaka 25 ° C kapena pafupi ndi 30 ° C Glearch. EE ndi magawo ena metabolic akhala ali ndi maola ambiri masiku ambiri, kotero momwe nthawi yayitali yomwe imakhalira ndi kutentha osiyanasiyana kumatha kusokoneza magawo a metabolic monga momwe kulemera kwa thupi sikudziwika. Kugwiritsa ntchito, kupatsirana mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi plasma lipid ndi glucose ndi mahomoni okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina amafunikira kudziwa kuti zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi maofesi awa (dio mbewa pazakudya zamafuta ambiri zimatha kukhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri zokhala ndi zosangalatsa (za Hedonic). Kuti tifotokozere zambiri pamutuwu, tidasanthula kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa kagayidwe ka kagayidwe ka kagayidwe ka kagayidwe ka kagayidwe ka kagayidwe kaanthu ndi nyama zonenepa. Makoswe ankasungidwa pa 22, 25, 27.5, kapena 30 ° C kwa milungu itatu. Kutentha pansi pa 22 ° C sanaphunzire chifukwa nyumba zovomerezeka zanyama sizikhala pansi kawirikawiri pansi pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Tidapeza kuti kulemera kwachilendo komanso kozungulira diio mbewa mofananamo kuti musinthe kutentha kwa mitsempha. Komabe, pomwe mbewa yolemera idasintha zakudya zawo monga momwe Ee, chakudya cha Dio chidakha chidadziyimira pawokha kwa Ee, zomwe zidapangitsa mbewa kukhala zolemera zambiri. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa deta, plasma woipa wa lipids ndi mapiko a ketone adawonetsa kuti ma mbewa a dio pa 30 ° C anali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mbewa 22 ° C. Zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa mphamvu komanso kuchuluka pakati pa kulemera kwabwino ndipo kusokonekera kwa dice kumafunikiranso kuphunzira, koma kungakhale kogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa pathophysiogiogiogiogiogical mu dice mbewa chifukwa cha zakudya zokulira.
Ee ananjezedwa mogwirizana ndi 30 mpaka 22 ° C ndipo anali atakwera 30% pa 22 ° C poyerekeza ndi 30 ° C (mkuyu.). Kupuma kwa kupuma kwa ma restirat (Rer) kudayimira kutentha (mkuyu. 1c, d). Kudya kwa chakudya kunali kosinthana ndi maluso a EE ndikuwonjezereka ndikutsika kutentha (komanso ~ 30% pa 10 ° C Purn 1G). -To).
Ma mbewa achimuna (C57BL / 6J, 20s, Masabata 20, NDANI YAMENEYO, N = 7) adalandidwa mu 10 ° C. Kwa sabata limodzi asanayambe kuphunzira. Patatha masiku awiri pambuyo pa mndandanda wazomwe zakumbuyo za zakumbuyo, kutentha kunakwezedwa mu 2 ° ° C owonjezera pa 06:00 maola patsiku (chiyambi cha gawo lowala). Zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati vuto lotanthauza tanthauzo la tanthauzo, ndipo gawo lamdima (18: 00-06: 00 h) imayimiriridwa ndi bokosi la imvi. ndalama zothandizira (kcal / h), b) ndalama zolipirira madzi osiyanasiyana (phos / 24 h), vco2 /.0), kwen) (mtengo wa zero umafotokozedwa ngati 0,7). Edupticd chakudya (g), F 24h Chakudya Chakudya Chathunthu, g 24h, HEHEL ALIYENSE ALIYENSE, NTHAWI ZONSE ZONSE (M) ndi Jered All (m / 24h). ). Ma mbewa ankasungidwa kutentha kwa maola 48. Zambiri zosonyezedwa pa 24, 26, 28 ndi 30 ° C amatanthauza maola 24 apitawa. Ma mbewa adadyetsedwa phunziroli. Kufunika kowerengera kunayesedwa ndi miyezo yobwerezabwereza ya kudzola kudzoza kutsatiridwa ndi mayeso angapo a Tukey. Astelisiks akuwonetsa tanthauzo la mtengo woyamba wa 22 ° C, shadimes akuwonetsa kufunikira pakati pamagulu ena monga tafotokozera. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, * 0,000. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, * 0,000. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, * 0.0001.Makhalidwe a mafakiti amawerengedwa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yoyesera (maola 0-192). n = 7.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mbewa zolemera, EE kuchulukana ndi kutsika kutentha, ndipo pankhaniyi, ee analinso pafupifupi 30% pa 22 ° C Purry Cels. Rero sanasinthe kutentha kosiyanasiyana (mkuyu. 2c, d). Mosiyana ndi mbewa zolemera, kudya zakudya zosagwirizana ndi ee ngati ntchito ya kutentha kwa chipinda. Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya, ndipo mulingo wogwira ntchito mopanda kutentha (nkhuyu. 2e-j).
Mwamuna (C57BL / 60, masabata 20) Dio mbewa anali atakhala m'gulu la anthu payekha pa 22 ° C. Kwa sabata limodzi asanayambe kuphunzira. Ma mbewa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala 45% a HFD ADBITEM. Pambuyo pakuyamikiridwa kwa masiku awiri, deta yoyambira idasonkhanitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, kutentha kunakulirakulira kwa 2 ° C tsiku lililonse pa 06:00 (chiyambi cha gawo lowala). Zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati vuto lotanthauza tanthauzo la tanthauzo, ndipo gawo lamdima (18: 00-06: 00 h) imayimiriridwa ndi bokosi la imvi. ndalama zothandizira (kcal / h), b) ndalama zolipirira madzi osiyanasiyana (phos / 24 h), vco2 /.0), kwen) (mtengo wa zero umafotokozedwa ngati 0,7). Edupticd chakudya (g), F 24h Chakudya Chakudya Chathunthu, g 24h, HEHEL ALIYENSE ALIYENSE, NTHAWI ZONSE ZONSE (M) ndi Jered All (m / 24h). ). Ma mbewa ankasungidwa kutentha kwa maola 48. Zambiri zosonyezedwa pa 24, 26, 28 ndi 30 ° C amatanthauza maola 24 apitawa. Ma mbewa ankasungidwa pa 45% HFD mpaka kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu. Kufunika kowerengera kunayesedwa ndi miyezo yobwerezabwereza ya kudzola kudzoza kutsatiridwa ndi mayeso angapo a Tukey. Astelisiks akuwonetsa tanthauzo la mtengo woyamba wa 22 ° C, shadimes akuwonetsa kufunikira pakati pamagulu ena monga tafotokozera. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** <0,001, **** <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** <0,001, **** <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Makhalidwe a mafakiti amawerengedwa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yoyesera (maola 0-192). n = 7.
Pakuyesa kangapo, tidasanthula kukhazikika kwa mabowo, koma nthawi ino pakati pa magulu a mbewa omwe amasungidwa nthawi zonse. Ma mbewa adagawika m'magulu anayi kuti achepetse kusintha kwa zowerengeka ndi kupatuka kwa thupi, mafuta, komanso kulemera kwa thupi (mkuyu. 3a-c). Pambuyo masiku 7 ovomerezeka, masiku 4.5 a Ee adalembedwa. EE imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa masana onse masana ndi usiku (mkuyu.), Ndipo imachulukitsa yozungulira ngati kutentha kwa 3,5. Poyerekeza ndi magulu a 25 ° 25 ° 25 Kudya zakudya kumayenderana ndi ee mawonekedwe owonjezeredwa ndi 30% pa 22 ° C poyerekeza ndi 30 ° C (1h, i). Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu sikunasiyane kwambiri pakati pamagulu (mkuyu. 3J, K). Kuwonekera kwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana mpaka masiku 33 sikunadzetse misa ya thupi, lomata misa, komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa thupi la maanthu pafupifupi 15% poyerekeza ndi Zambiri zodzinenera (mkuyu. 3n-s). 3b, r, c)) ndi mafuta onenepa ochulukitsa kawiri (kuchokera ~ 1 g mpaka 2-3 g, mkuyu. 3C, c). Tsoka ilo, 30 ° C RA kabati ali ndi zolakwika zonyansa ndipo sizingafotokozere za EE ndi Rero.
- Kulemera kwa thupi (a), kutsanulira (b) ndi mafuta misa (c) patatha masiku 8 (tsiku limodzi musanasamuke ku System). D Magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito (kcal / h). E wamba wamba amagwiritsa ntchito (maola 0-10) pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana (kcal / 24 maola). F kupuma mobwerezabwereza (Rer) (VCo2 / VO2). g amatanthauza rer (VCo2 / VO2). H aliyense wakudya chakudya (g). Ndikutanthauza kudya zakudya (g / 24 maola). j Madzi onse amamwa (ml). K pafupifupi Madzi oyenera (ML / 24 H). Lendutivetive Order (m). M ARERRERRE ARTER (m / 24 h). nthupi kulemera kwa thupi patsiku la 18, kusintha kwa thupi (kuchokera -8th mpaka pa tsiku la 18), kusintha misa pa 18, kuyambira pa tsiku 18 , ndikusintha mu mafuta mafuta (kuyambira -8 mpaka 18). Kutanthauza kwenikweni kwa miyeso yobwereza mobwerezabwereza kunayesedwa ndi kudzoza komwe kumachitika ndi mayeso angapo a Tukey. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, *** p <0,001, **** p <0,000. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, *** p <0,001, **** p <0,000. * P <0,05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****.Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati zolakwika + za tanthauzo, gawo lamdima (18: 00-06: 00 h) imayimiriridwa ndi mabokosi a imvi. Madontho pa histograts amayimira mbewa pamunthu. Makhalidwe a mafakiti amawerengedwa nthawi yonseyi (maola 0-10). n = 7.
Makoswe ankafanana mu thupi, lomata misa, ndi mafuta misa ku Baseline (nkhuyu. 4A-c) ndikusungidwa pa 22, 25,2, ndi 30 7 °. . Poyerekeza magulu a mbewa, ubale pakati pa ee ndi kutentha adawonetsa ubale wofanana ndi kutentha pakadutsa nthawi yomwe ili. Chifukwa chake, a mbewa adasungabe pa 22 ° C amadya zipatso za 30% kuposa mbewa zosungidwa 30 ° C (mkuyu. 4D, e). Mukamaphunzira zotsatira za nyama, kutentha sikunakhudzire Refer (mkuyu. 4f, g). Chakudya chofuula, kudya m'madzi, ndipo ntchito sizinali zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha (nkhuyu. 4h-m). Pambuyo pa masiku 33 polera, mbewa pa 30 ° Cel celle yolemera kwambiri kuposa mbewa pa 22 ° C (mkuyu. 4n). Poyerekeza ndi mfundo zawo zandalama, mbewa zawo zakhazikitsidwa ndi 30 ° C anali ndi zolemera zathupi kuposa mbewa. Kulemera kwakukulu kunali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta (mkuyu.) Zogwirizana ndi mtengo wam'mimba wa 30 ° C, mawu a majini angapo omwe amakulitsa ntchito / ntchito idachepetsedwa 30 ° C: Adra1a, ndi Prrb3, ndi Prrm16. Majini ena ofunikira omwe amawonjezeranso ntchito / ntchito sizinakhudzidwe: Sema3a (Mituya (Mitochondrial Biogeneis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitocondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogenesis), Mitokondrial Biogeneis), AdTochondrial Biogenesis), Mitocondrial Biogenesis), Mitochondrial Biogeneis), Adra2, PTRA2A (Mitocondrial Biogeneis), Adrondrial Biogenesis), Adrondrial Biogeneis), Adra2 Modabwitsa, UCP1 ndi Vegf-a, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa hermogenic, sikunachepetse mu 30 ° C g gulu. M'malo mwake, milingo ya UCP1 m'mitundu itatu inali yokwezeka kuposa mu 7 ° C Prezi, ndi Vegf-A ndi Adrb2 idakwezedwa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi gawo la 22 ° C, mbewa mosasunthika pa 25 ° C ndi 27,5 ° C sanasinthe (chithunzi chowonjezera 1).
- Kulemera kwa thupi (a), koyera (b) ndi mafuta misa (c) pambuyo masiku 9 (tsiku limodzi musanasamuke ku System). D Magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito (EE, kcal / h). E wamba wamba amagwiritsa ntchito (maola 0-96) pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana (kcal / 24 maola). f kupuma mopumira (Rer, VCO2 / VO2). g amatanthauza rer (VCo2 / VO2). H aliyense wakudya chakudya (g). Ndikutanthauza kudya zakudya (g / 24 maola). j Madzi onse amamwa (ml). K pafupifupi Madzi oyenera (ML / 24 H). Lendutivetive Order (m). M ARERRERRE ARTER (m / 24 h). n kulemera kwa thupi tsiku 23 (g), osintha thupi, p lean misa, q) masiku 23 Misa (g) poyerekeza ndi tsiku 8, tsiku 23 likuyerekeza ndi -8th tsiku. Kutanthauza kwenikweni kwa miyeso yobwereza mobwerezabwereza kunayesedwa ndi kudzoza komwe kumachitika ndi mayeso angapo a Tukey. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** <0,001, **** <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * Р <0,05, *** <0,001, **** <0,0001. * P <0.05, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati zolakwika + za tanthauzo, gawo lamdima (18: 00-06: 00 h) imayimiriridwa ndi mabokosi a imvi. Madontho pa histograts amayimira mbewa pamunthu. Makhalidwe omwe amatanthauza kuwerengedwa nthawi yonseyi (maola 0-96). n = 7.
Monga anthu, mbewa nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tichepetse kutayika kwa kutentha kwa chilengedwe. Kuti tikwaniritse kufunikira kwa chilengedwe chino kwa Ee, tinayesa Ee pa 22, 25, 27, ndi 30, ndi 30 ° C, ndi zinthu zachikopa ndi zinthu zakale. Pa 22 ° C, kuphatikiza zikopa zamakono kumachepetsa ee pofika 4%. Zowonjezera kuphatikiza kwa zinthu za nesting zidachepetsa ee pofika 3-4% (mkuyu. 5a, b). Palibe kusintha kwakukulu kwa Rer, kudya chakudya, kudya madzi, kapena zochitika zamadzi, kapena kubwereza nyumba kapena zikopa + zofunda + p). Kuphatikiza kwa khungu ndi zisonyezo za nesting zimachepetsa kwambiri ee pa 25 ndi 30 ° C, koma mayankho anali ochepa. Pa 27,5 ° C Palibe kusiyana komwe kunawonedwa. Zoyenera kuti, mu izi, Ee anachepetsa ndi kutentha kwambiri, pamenepa pafupifupi 57% wotsika kuposa ma 30 ° C poyerekeza ndi 22C-H). Kusanthula komweko kunachitidwa kokha kwa gawo lowala, pomwe EE anali pafupi ndi banal metabolic mungu, chifukwa pamenepa adakhazikika pakhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana (2A-h) .
Zambiri za mbewa ndi zinthu zakuda (buluu wakuda), nyumba koma palibe chinsinsi (buluu wopepuka), ndi chuma cha nyumba (lalanje). Zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (EE, kcal / h) zipinda A, C, e ndi g pa 22, 25, 27 ndi 30 ° / h). Zambiri za IP Zofikira pa 22 ° C: Kupuma, vco2 / vo2), v deo2, l / 24 h), m Kudya kwamadzi kwathunthu (ml), n uver nover wamadzi Auc (ml / 24h), o nonse, p), p) mulingo wa ntchito (m / 24h). Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati zolakwika + za tanthauzo, gawo lamdima (18: 00-06: 00 h) imayimiriridwa ndi mabokosi a imvi. Madontho pa histograts amayimira mbewa pamunthu. Kutanthauza kwenikweni kwa miyeso yobwereza mobwerezabwereza kunayesedwa ndi kudzoza komwe kumachitika ndi mayeso angapo a Tukey. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01. * Р <0,05, ** <0,01. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01.Makhalidwe a mafakiti amawerengedwa kuti adye (maola 0-72). n = 7.
Mwazolemera kwambiri (maola 2-3 osala kudya), kuleranso kutentha kosiyanasiyana sikunadzetse kusiyana kwakukulu kwa plasma, rs, atlesterol, koma hdl ngati ntchito ya kutentha. Chithunzi 6A-e). Kusala kudya plasma kwa Leptein, insulin, C-peptirira, ndipo gluagon komanso Glucagon sichinasiyane pakati pamagulu (Chithunzi cha 6G-j). Patsiku la mayeso olerera (pambuyo pa masiku 31 kutentha kwina), kuchuluka kwa madzi osefukira (5-6 pakusala kudya) kunali pafupifupi 6.5 mm, popanda kusiyana pakati pa magulu. Makina a slucose pamlomo wowonjezereka magazi a glucose okhazikika m'magulu onse, koma onse awiri opindika komanso malo owonjezera) anali otsika m'gulu la Maice (15-120): P <0.05-P <0.0001, Mkuyu. 6K, L) Kuyerekeza ndi mbewa zomwe zidamupatsa 22, 25 ndi 27.5 Osasiyana pakati pa wina ndi mnzake). Makina a slucose pamlomo wowonjezereka magazi a glucose okhazikika m'magulu onse, koma onse awiri opindika komanso malo owonjezera) anali otsika m'gulu la Maice (15-120): P <0.05-P <0.0001, mkuyu. 6K, L) Kuyerekeza ndi mbewa zokhala ndi zaka 22, 25 ndi 27.5 Osasiyana pakati pa wina ndi mnzake). Пораралное в в в вров вю понцения д веен. (iauc) (15-120 (отель вемеенныеми: P <2000, l) П зз ззз ззллллллис] .... Kutalika kwa mkamwa kwa sclucose kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi m'magulu onse, koma nsonga zonse ziwiri pansi pa mapiko 30 ° C <0.05- P <0.0001, mkuyu. 6K, L) Poyerekeza ndi mbewa zosungidwa pa 22, 25 ndi 27.5 Osasiyana ndi wina ndi mnzake).口服葡萄糖 的 的 的, 30 但在 饲养 饲养 的 峰值浓度和曲, 峰值浓度和曲ac) 分钟 (15-120 分钟) 分钟 (15) 分钟: P <0.05-P <0.0001, 图 6k, l) 与饲养在 22,25 y 27,5 相比 (的) 和.口服 的 给 给 显着 显着 所有组 的 的 浓度 血糖 在 在 在 在 曲 曲分钟) 分钟 分钟分钟 分钟个点 点: p <0.05-p < 0.0001, 图 6K, L) 与饲养在 22,25 y 27,5 ° C 的 小鼠 (小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠 (小鼠) 小鼠Kutalika kwa pakamwa kwa glucose kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi m'magulu onse, koma nsonga zonse zopindika komanso malo omwe ali ndi gulu la 3 ° Cels (nthawi zonse).: P <0,05-P <0,0001, рис. : P <0.05-P <0.0001, mkuyu.6L, L) Woyerekeza ndi mbewa osungidwa pa 22, 25 ndi 27.5 ° C (palibe kusiyana kwa wina ndi mnzake).
Plasma woipa wa TG, 3-HB, choleslil, HDL, Alplurol, aschcerol, influn, aschlagor, aschlago, . A mbewa sanadyetsedwe maola 2-3 asanakwane magazi. Kusiyanako kunali kuyesa kwa glucose pakamwa, komwe kunachitika masiku awiri kumapeto kwa mbewa kunatha kwa maola 5-6 ndikukhala nthawi yotentha masiku 31. A mbewa adatsutsidwa ndi 2 g / kg thupi. Dera lomwe lili pansi pa deta yokhotakhota (L) limafotokozedwa ngati deta yowonjezera (iauc). Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati SPM SEM. Madontho amayimira zitsanzo za aliyense payekhapayekha. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0,000, n = n = n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0,000, n = n = n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7.
Mu dice mbewa (nso kusamba kwa maola 2-3), plasma cholesterol, HDL, Alt, atcheru, ndi ozunzirapo kanthu sanasiyane pakati pamagulu. Onse awiri a TG ndi Glycerol anali okwezeka kwambiri mu 30 ° C poyerekeza ndi 22 ° C poyerekeza ndi magulu 22 a 12 (Chithunzi cha 7a-h). Mosiyana ndi izi, 3-gb inali pafupifupi 25% yotsika pa 30 ° C poyerekeza ndi 22 ° C (Chithunzi 7b). Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti mbewa idasunyitsidwa ndi zaka 22 C. ° C. Ma mbewa adakwera pa 30 ° C anali olimbikitsa kwambiri. Zogwirizana ndi izi, chiwindi chowonjezera cha glycerol yowonjezera ndi Tg, koma osati glycogen ndi cholesterol, inali yayikulu mu gulu la 30 ° C (3A-D). Kuti mufufuze ngati kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa lipolysis (monga kuchuluka kwa Plasma TG vivo. ndi kumasulidwa kwa glycerol. M'magulu onse oyesera, aduponi minofu ya minofu ya epidalmal ndi ingidel yowoneka ngati yokwera kwambiri mu glycerol ndi ffa poyankha isoproterenol yokongoletsera (yowonjezera mkuyu. 4A-D). Komabe, palibe mphamvu kutentha kwa chipolopolo pa baal kapena isoproterenol-yolimbikitsa lipolysis adapezeka. Zogwirizana ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi mafuta ambiri, kuchuluka kwa plasma kunali kokulirapo kwambiri mu 30 ° C kuposa mu 22i 7i). M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi C-peptide sikunasiyane pakati pamagulu otentha (mkuyu. 7k, k), koma polemba plasma, koma pafupifupi 22 ° mpaka 30 ° C. Kuchokera. Gulu c (mkuyu. 7l). FGF21 sinasiyane pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana otentha (mkuyu. 7m). Pa tsiku la Ogtt, paseli la mtengo wa shuga anali pafupifupi 10 mm ndipo sanasiyane pakati pa mbewa lomwe linakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana (mkuyu. 7n). Kutalika pakamwa kwa glucose kuwonjezeka magazi a shuga ndikuwonda m'magulu onse pakukula pafupifupi 18 mm mphindi 15 pambuyo pa dosing. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu ku Iauc (15-120 min) ndi kugwedezeka panthawi yosiyanasiyana, mlingo (15, 30, 90, 90) (Chithunzi 7n, o).
Plasma woipa wa TG, HB, cholesterol, HDL, ALTL, GLUPIRON, GGHOAN kutentha. A mbewa sanadyetsedwe maola 2-3 asanakwane magazi. Kuyeserera kwa mpweya pakamwa kunali kosiyana ndi gawo la 2 g / kg kulemera masiku awiri kumapeto kwa maola omwe adasala kwa maola 5-6 ndikusungidwa pa kutentha koyenera kwa masiku 31. Malo omwe ali pansi pa deta yokhotakhota (o) imawonetsedwa ngati deta yowonjezera (iauc). Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati SPM SEM. Madontho amayimira zitsanzo za aliyense payekhapayekha. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0,000, n = n = n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7. * P <0,05, ** p <0,01, ** p <0,001, **** p <0,000, n = n = n = n = 7. * P <0.05, ** p <0.01, p <0.001, 3.0001, n = n = 7.
Kusandulika kwa data yopanga kwa anthu ndi nkhani yovuta yomwe imagwira ntchito yayikulu pomasulira kufunikira kwa zomwe mukuwona munthawi ya kafukufuku wa thupi. Pazifukwa zachuma ndikuwongolera kafukufuku, mbewa nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pansi pa malo awo a theromonetral, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kazinthu komanso kutanthauzira komwe kungawonongeke. Chifukwa chake, kuwonedwa kwa mbewa kuzizira kumatha kuphika mbewa kugonjetsedwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndipo kungalepheretse kupweteka kwa hyperglycekia - kugwiridwa ndi makoswe chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito shuga. Komabe, sizodziwikiratu za kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali (kuchokera ku chipinda kupita ku Thermoneral) kumakhudza magetsi osiyanasiyana a mbewa zolemera (pazakudya) ndi diio) ndi magawo a metabolic, komanso pamlingo momwe adatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa EE ndikuwonjezeka pakudya kwa chakudya. Phunziro lomwe lili m'nkhaniyi likufuna kubweretsa kumveka bwino pamutuwu.
Timawonetsa kuti mwa mbewa zolemera komanso nyama ya dio, ee imagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa chipinda 22 ndi 30 ° C. Chifukwa chake, ee pa 22 ° C anali pafupifupi 30% kuposa 30 ° C. m'mitundu yonse. Komabe, kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa mbewa zolemera komanso mbewa ya dio ndi yomwe mbewa yolemera imafanana ndi kusintha kwa chakudya posintha chakudya cha chakudya mosiyanasiyana. Kutentha kwake kunalinso chimodzimodzi. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, makhola a Dio adasunga 30 ° C adalemera kwambiri thupi ndi mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa ma mbewa. Kusiyana kwa thupi. mbewa mbewa. Poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa thermonelowa kapena kutentha kwa firiji, Kukula mbewa zolemera kwambiri pazakudya zazikulu koma zosakhala ndi zolemera zochepa. thupi. Yothandizidwa ndi maphunziro ena17,18,10,21 koma osati ndi onse okwana zonse222,22.
Kuthekera kopanga microenmentna kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa kutentha kumakhala kosiyidwa kuti isalowerere kulowererapo mpaka kumanzere kwa malekezero. Chifukwa chake, zambiri zathu sizigwirizana kotero kuti malo otsika a thermonels a akuluakulu a bondo limodzi, kapena popanda nyumba zodziwika bwino, ziyenera kukhala 26-25 ° C monga akuwonetsera. Kutentha kwa 30 ° C pofika poice7, 10, 24. Kuphatikizira zinthu, thermoneltiment ya mbewa nthawi yomweyo kupanga chifukwa cha ntchito ndi zakudya zomwe zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, mu gawo la Kuwala, malo otsika a kusalowerera matenthedwe amatuluka kuti akhale ~ 29 °, ~ 33 ~ 33 ° ° с25.
Pamapeto pake, ubale pakati pa kutentha kozungulira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kotentha. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa malo opangira voliyumu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa mafuta otenthetsera, omwe amakhudza zonse zowononga (malo apamwamba) ndi mbandakute). Kuphatikiza pa malo owonekera, kusamutsa kutentha kumatsimikizidwanso ndi kutchinga (kuchuluka kwa kutentha). Mwa anthu, mafuta onenepa amatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kutentha pozungulira chipolopolo, ndipo chimafunikira kuti mafuta ofukizira azikhala ndi mawonekedwe a thermonetright pansipa otsetsereka). Kutentha kozungulira poyerekeza ndi ee) 12. Phunziro lathu silinapangidwe kuti liziwunika mwachindunji ubalewu chifukwa mapangidwe a thupi amasonkhanitsidwa masiku 9 asanatulutsidwe ndi chifukwa misa yamafuta sinali yokhazikika phunziroli. Komabe, popeza kulemera kwabwino komanso dio mbewa ali ndi 30% yotsika ya 30% ya 30 ° C Pre kuposa 10 ° ° Chuma, osachepera kutentha. Izi zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena omwe amapangidwa bwino kuti afufuze izi4,24. Mu maphunzirowa, kupereka mphamvu kwa kunenepa kwambiri kunali kocheperako, koma ubweya umapezeka kuti umapereka 30-50% yazakudya zonse zamagetsi4,24. Komabe, m'fumbi zakufa, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amawonjezeka pafupifupi 450% atamwalira, akutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya ubweya ndiyofunikira chifukwa cha zovuta za thupi, kuphatikizapo vasoconstriction, kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya mitundu pakati pa mbewa ndi anthu, osauka omwe amachepetsa kunenepa kwambiri ku mbewa amathanso kukhazikika ndi misa ya mafuta. Nthawi zambiri kumangodutsa 20% ya mafuta okwanira28. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta okwanira mwina sangakhale osokoneza bongo a munthu aliyense, chifukwa amakangana kuti anasintha kuti azikhala ndi zokutira kwa malo ochulukirapo (chifukwa chake kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha) monga mafuta ambiri. .
Mwazolemera kwambiri mbewa, kusala kwa plasma wozungulira TG, 3-HB, choleslil, HDL, ALT, ndipo chifukwa changozi sizinasinthe panthawi yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu. anali ofanana ndi kulemera komanso thupi mpaka kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu. Zofanana ndi kufanana kwa misa yamafuta, kunalibenso kusiyana m'magawo a plasma a leppmin, kapena kusala insulin, C-peptirira, ndi Glucagon. Zizindikiro zina zimapezeka mu Dio mbewa. Ngakhale ma mbewa a 22 ° C nawonso sanakhale ndi mphamvu yoipa kwambiri pankhaniyi (atapeza kulemera kwake), kumapeto kwa kafukufuku yemwe anali ndi mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi ma mbewa a 30 malo apamwamba. kupanga ndi thupi (3-gb) ndi kuchepa kwa ndende ya glycerol ndi Tg mu plasma. Komabe, kusiyana kwa kutentha mu lipolysis sikuwoneka kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa epididmal kapena mafuta onunkhira, popeza kuti FFCOROP magulu ndi ofanana. Ngakhale sitinafufuze malingaliro achifundo pophunzira panowa, ena awona kuti (kutengera kuchuluka kwa mtima ndikutanthauza kupanikizika kozungulira) kumalumikizana ndi kutentha kwa mbewa ndipo ndi pafupifupi 30 ° C 20% C. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mawu achisoni kungatenge gawo mu lipolysis pakuphunzira kwathu, koma popeza kuchuluka kwa mawu achichepere kumapangitsa kuti lipolysis, njira zina zitha kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa mbewa zachilendo. Kukhala ndi moyo wopezeka pakuwonongeka kwa mafuta a thupi. Kutentha kwa chipinda. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo la zolimbikitsa za mawu achisoni a lipilysis ndi zopinga za insulin osakwanira kusintha lipolysis. M'malo mwake, tinapeza kuti kusiyana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kunali kofunikira kwambiri kwa omwe amathandizira kwambiri ku Dio mbewa. Zifukwa zokhazikika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya kwa chakudya ndi EE mu zabwinobwino mbewa kumafunikiranso kuphunzira. Nthawi zambiri, kudya zakudya za chakudya kumayendetsedwa ndi eninyumba ndi Hedonic Ces31,32,33. Ngakhale pali zokambirana kuti ndi ziti mwa zizindikilo ziwiri zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, 31,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,32,33 homeostasis. . - Wowongolera zakudya zakudya ,35,36,36. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa Hedonic kudyetsa ma dice omwe adathandizidwa ndi 45% HFD kungakhale pazifukwa zomwe mbewayi sizinakhazikitse chakudya. Mokondweretsa, kusiyana kwa chilakotala ndi magazi owongolera magazi kunawonedwanso mu mbewa ya Dio, koma osati mbewa yolemera. Mu Dio mbewa, kuchuluka kwa plasma leptin kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha ndi glucagon kulima ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwake kumatha kusintha zosiyana izi kumayeneranso kuwerenga, koma pankhani ya Leptin, mphamvu yopanda pake imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, monga mafuta am'madzi ndi mogwirizana kwambiri37. Komabe, kutanthauzira kwa chizindikiro cha Glucagon kuli kudabwitsa kwambiri. Monga ndi insulin, kachilombo ka Glualean idaletsa kwambiri ndikuwonjezeka kwa mawu achifundo, koma mawu apamwamba kwambiri achichepere adanenedweratu kukhala mu gawo la 22 vacan. Insulin ndi wowongolera wina wa plasma glucagon, ndipo kukana kwa insulin ndi shuga 2 amagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi kusala kudya komanso kutumiza hyperglucagonemia 38,39. Komabe, mbewa za Dio pa kuphunzira kwathunso sizinali zopanda malire, choncho izi sizingakhale chinthu chachikulu pakuwonjezeka kwa Glucagon chizindikiro mu gawo la 22 ° C. Zambiri za chiwindi zimagwirizanitsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa plasma glucagon, zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimachepa kwambiri ku Urea 42. Komabe, popeza kuchotsa kwa glycerol zowonjezera ndi Tg sikusiyana pakati pa magulu otentha mu phunziro lathu, izi sizingakhale zofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa kwa plasma mu 22 ° C Gulu. Triodioronine (T3) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga kagayidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka mankhwala kolimbana ndi hypothermia43,44. Chifukwa chake, kuzunzika kwa plasma T3, mwina kuwongoleredwa ndi njira zowetanirako, 45,46 kumawonjezera mbewa ndi anthu osacheperapo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu kuli kocheperako. Izi ndizogwirizana ndi kutayika kwa kutentha kwa chilengedwe. Sitinayeze ma proisma T3 mu kafukufuku wapano, koma wozunzirako mwina adatsika mu 30 ° C T3 imawonjezera glucagon muyezo wodalira. Mahomoni a chithokomiro anenedwa kuti asunge FGF21 mawu mu chiwindi. Monga glucagon, plasma fgf21 yokhazikikanso ndi kuchuluka kwa plasma T3 (mkuyu (wowonjezera. 5b ndi Ref. 48), koma Ref. 48, koma Ref. 48. Zifukwa zotsimikizika za chisokonezo izi zimafunikiranso maphunziro ena, koma T3-Driven FGF21 iyenera kuchitika m'malo apamwamba a T3-DerVen Blucagon kuyankha (mkuyu wowoneka bwino. 5b).
HFD yawonetsedwa kuti imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi kulolerana kwa shuga ndi kukana kwa insulin (zilembo) m'malo mwa ma mbewa 10 ° C. Komabe, HFD sinali yolumikizidwa ndi kulolerana kwa shuga kapena kukana insulin mukadzakula m'malo oyambira (kufotokozedwa pano ngati 28 ° C) 19. Pakuphunzira kwathu, ubalewu sunasinthidwe mu Dice mbewa, koma mbewa yolemera yolemera imasungabe 30 ° C OVETOR CARDEN. Cholinga chosinthana chimafunikiranso kuphunzira, koma chitha kutengera kuti mbewa ya Dio paphunziro lathu anali insulin adagonjetsedwa, ndikusala kudya ma p-peptide ndi insulin nthawi zonse 1220 kuposa mbewa zolemera. ndi m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ma glucose ozungulira pafupifupi 10 mm (pafupifupi 6 mm pachimodzimodzi), zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchoka pazenera zilizonse zopindulitsa za kuwonekera kwa thermoneose ya kulolerana. Chinthu chosokoneza ndichakuti, pazifukwa zothandiza, ogtt amachitika kutentha. Chifukwa chake, a mbewa omwe adaukidwa pamatenthedwe apamwamba adakumana ndi kugwedezeka kofatsa, komwe kumakhudza mayamwidwe a glucose / chilolezo. Komabe, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga wofanana ndi ma shuga osiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kusintha kwa kutentha kozungulira mwina sikunakhudze kwambiri zotsatira zake.
Monga tanena kale, zalembedwapo posachedwa kuti kuwonjezera kutentha kwa chipindacho kungazindikire zochitika zina zowonjezera, zomwe zingaimbire kusinthidwa kwa mbewa ya mbewa kwa anthu. Komabe, sizodziwikiratu kuti kutentha koyenera kosunga mbewa kuti muchepetse nzeru za thupi. Yankho la funsoli limatha kutengeranso kutsatira njira yophunzirira komanso kumapeto komwe kuphunziridwa. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi zotsatira za zakudya pa chiwindi zamafuta a chiwindi, kulolerana kwa shuga ndi kukana kwa insulin19. Potengera mphamvu za mphamvu, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti thermonelity ndiye momwe anthu amafunikira kuleranso, monga anthu amafunira mphamvu imodzi yowonjezera kuti ikhale ndi mbewa zazikuluzikulu za 30 ° C7,10. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti kutentha kofanana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakumana ndi amuna ambiri 23-25 Kutentha kwawo kovuta kwambiri, komwe kumafotokozedwa pano ndi 23 ° C, ndi pang'ono 8.12. Phunziro lathu limagwirizana ndi maphunziro ena angapo omwe amafotokoza kuti kusalowerera kwa mathupi sikutheka pa 26-28 ° C Pretications. Mfundo ina yofunika kuganizira za kutentha kwa chipinda ndi thermonelity mu mbewa ndi imodzi kapena nyumba. Makoswe akakhala nawo m'magulu osati payekhapayekha, monga momwe timaphunzirira aliyense payekhapayekha, monga momwe timaphunzirira, kukotha mtima kwa kutentha kunachepetsedwa, mwina chifukwa chodzaza nyama. Komabe, kutentha kwa chipinda kudakali pansi pa LTL kwa 25 pomwe magulu atatu adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwinanso zofunika kwambiri pakukhudzana ndi izi ndi tanthauzo la kuchuluka kwa bat ngati chitetezo ku hythethermia. Chifukwa chake, pomwe mbewa idalipidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutayika kwawo kwa calorie powonjezera, komwe kumapitilira 60% ee pa 5 ne yekha, 51,52 zopereka za ntchito za anthu kuti EE unali wokwera kwambiri, wocheperako. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa ntchito kungakhale njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezera kumasulira kwa anthu. Kuwongolera kwa Bat kuli kovuta koma nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zomwe amachititsa a Aberpones ndi UCP1144,54,56,56,56. Zambiri zathu zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kumayenera kukwezedwa pamwambapa 27,5 ° C poyerekeza ndi ma mbewa pa 22 ° Komabe, kusiyana komwe kwapezeka pakati pa magulu 30 ndi 22 ° C sikunatanthauze kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la magawo 22 ° C chifukwa cha adp1, adrb2 ndi vegf c mvesi wa 22 ntcheredwe. Choyambitsa zotsatira za kusayembekezereka sichingatsimikizidwe. Kuthekera kwakukulu ndikuti mawu awo ochulukirapo sangawonetse chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa chipinda chokwezeka, koma m'malo mwamphamvu kuwaletsa kuchokera ku 30 ° C mpaka 22 ° asanachotse) . ).
Kuleza mtima kwathu kwa phunziro lathu ndikuti tidangophunzira mbewa zachimuna. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti jenda akhoza kuganizira zofunika kwambiri pazizindikiro zathu, monga mbewa zachikazi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha komanso kusamalira kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewa zazikazi (pa HFD) adawonetsa gulu lalikulu lamphamvu kudya ndi 30 ° C poyerekeza ndi mbewa zambiri zomwe zidapha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Chifukwa chake, mbewa zazikazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zapamwamba, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbewa zachimuna. Tikaphunzira, tinayang'ana kwambiri mbewa iliyonse, chifukwa izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kwambiri kagayidwe ka kagayidwe ka mee zimachitika. Kuchepetsa kwinanso kafukufuku wathu chinali chakuti mbewa inali itadya zakudya zofananazo, zomwe zimayesedwa pophunzira za firiji yosinthira njira zingapo za macronutrive.. Munjira zachikazi ndi wamwamuna ndi zazimuna zimasungidwa pa 20 ° C poyerekeza ndi mbewa zofananira zimasungidwa 30 ° C.
Pomaliza, kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti, monga maphunziro ena, Lap 1 Ma mbewa olemera ali pamwamba pa 27,5 ° C. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti kunenepa sikuti kumapangitsa kuti ma mbewa azikhala olemera kwambiri kapena dio, chifukwa kutentha kofanana ndi mbewa ndi mbewa zolemera. Pomwe chakudya cholemera cholemera chinali chogwirizana ndi EE ndipo motero amasunga thupi lonse kutentha, chakudya cha Dio zidali zofanana kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewa ikhale0 ° . pa 22 ° C adalemera kwambiri thupi. Pazonse, kafukufuku wadothi amafufuza kufunika kokhala pansi pa kutentha kwa theronerongolol kumangidwa chifukwa cha nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa mokwanira pakati pa mbewa ndi maphunziro a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamaphunziro a kunenepa kwambiri, kufotokoza pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kutanthauzira kosawoneka bwino kungakhale chifukwa chakuti maphunziro ochepetsa thupi a Murine nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pazanyama zopsinjika kwambiri zomwe zimasungidwa mu kutentha kwa chipinda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Kuchulukitsa Kukula Kuyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu, makamaka ngati makina amadalira kukula kwa ma ee powonjezera ntchito ya Bap, yomwe ili yogwira ntchito komanso yolimbikitsira kutentha kwa 30 ° C.
Malinga ndi chidole cha nyama za ku Danish chilamulo (1987) ndi mayiko a dziko lazaumoyo (zofalitsa. , 1985).
Ma mbewa awiri a C57BL / 6Jb / 6j adapezeka ku Janvier Sauni Woyera Credex, France, ndipo adapatsidwa mad (~ 22 kutentha kwa chipinda. Ma mbewa a dio dio (masabata 20) adapezeka kuchokera kwa wopulumutsa yemweyo ndipo adapatsidwa chakudya chambiri cha AD 45% (mphaka) Ma mbewa adasinthidwa kukhala chilengedwe sabata isanayambe. Patatha masiku awiri asanasamuke ku malo okhala osalowerera, mbewa adalemera, atayang'aniridwa ndi MRI, TX, USA) ndikugawika thupi lonse.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi Zochitika mwazomwe zimayipitsa mtengo. XYZ. Mbewa (n = 8) adalandidwa patokha pa 22, 25, 27.5, kapena 30 ° Conding komanso Concle Specle: 06: 00-8) . 2500ml / min. A mbewa anali ovomerezeka kwa masiku 7 asanalembetse. Zojambula zidasonkhanitsidwa masiku anayi mzere. Pambuyo pake, mbewa zidasungidwa panjira yotentha pa 25, 27.5, ndi 30 ° C kwa masiku 12 owonjezera, pomwe khungu limazolowera zidawonjezeredwa pansipa. Pakadali pano, magulu a mbewa adasungabe pa 10 ° C adasungidwa kwa masiku awiri (kuti atole deta yatsopano), kenako kutentha kunawonjezeka m'masitepe a 2 ° C tsiku lililonse kumayambiriro kwa gawo lowala ( 06:00) mpaka kufikira 30 ° C Pambuyo pake, kutentha kunatsitsidwa mpaka 22 ° C ndi deta idasonkhanitsidwa masiku ena awiri. Pambuyo pa masiku ena owonjezera ojambulira pa 22 ° C, zikopa zinkawonjezedwa m'maselo onse nthawi zonse, ndipo zopereka deta zidayambanso patsiku lachiwiri (Tsiku 17) komanso kwa masiku atatu. Pambuyo pake (tsiku 20), zinthu zakale (8-10 g) zidawonjezeredwa ku maselo onse kumayambiriro kwa chopepuka (06:00) ndipo deta idasonkhanitsidwa masiku ena atatu. Chifukwa chake, pamapeto pa kuphunzira, nkhanga kudasungabe pa 221 / 33 33 Masiku. Ma mbewa ankadyetsedwa nthawi yophunzira.
Kulemera koyenera komanso dio mbewa kunatsata njira zomwezo. Tsiku --9, mbewa zinkalemera, Mri wosakanizidwa, ndikugawika m'magulu ofanana thupi ndi thupi. Patsiku --7, akhoma adasamutsidwa ku kutentha kotsekedwa yoyendetsedwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi Syprems Systems (Nevada, USA). Ma mbewa adasungidwa payekhapayekha ndi zofunda koma osakhala ndi zinyengo kapena pogona. Kutentha kwakhazikitsidwa kwa 22, 25, 27,5 kapena 30 ° C. Pambuyo pa sabata limodzi loyamikirira (masiku --7 mpaka 0, nyama sizinasokoneze), deta adasonkhanitsidwa masiku anayi otsatizana (masiku 4-4, 5). Pambuyo pake, a mbewa analibe pa 25, 27.5 ndi 30 ° C adasungidwa mokhazikika mpaka tsiku la 17. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha mu 22 ° C kudachulukana pafupipafupi kwa 2 ° C tsiku lililonse posintha kutentha (1) kumawonetsedwa mkuyu. 1) . Pa tsiku 15, kutentha kunatsika kwa 22 ° C ndi masiku awiri a deta anasonkhanitsidwa kuti apereke deta yoyambira yotsatira. Zikopa zidawonjezedwa ku mbewa zonse patsiku 17, ndipo zinthu za nthiti zidawonjezedwa patsiku 20 (mkuyu. 5). Patsiku la 23, mbewa idalemedwa ndikugonjetsedwa ndi Mri Scanung, kenako adachoka kwa maola 24. Patsiku 24, mbewa zidasala chifukwa cha chithunzi (06:00) ndikulandila Ogtt (2 g / kg) pa 12:00 (maola 6-7). Pambuyo pake, mbewazo zidabwezedwa kumbali zosagwirizana komanso zomwe adalemba tsiku lachiwiri (Tsiku 25).
Dio mbewa (n = 8) adatsata njira yomweyo ngati mbewa yolemera (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa ndipo pa Chithunzi 8). Mangani amasunga 45% HFD konse kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.
VO2 ndi VCo2, komanso kupsinjika kwamadzi, kunalembedwa pafupipafupi kwa 1 hz ndi nthawi ya maselo nthawi zonse 2.5 min. Chakudya ndi kudya kwamadzi kunatengedwa ndi kujambula mosalekeza (1 Hz) ya kulemera kwa chakudya ndi masitalo amadzi. Woyang'anira wamkulu yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito adanenanso za kutanthauzira kwa 0.002 g. Mitundu ya zochitika zidalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la 3D xyz boat, deta idasonkhanitsidwa pamsana wa 240 hz ndikunena kuti setrict iliyonse kuti ithetse ma 0,25 cm. Zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi Systems Macro amatanthauzira V.2.41, kuwerengera EE ndikugulitsa kunja (mwachitsanzo, zochitika zam'mawa). Wotanthauzira wa Macro amakonzedwa kuti afotokozere zambiri za magawo onse.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera EE, kutentha kwa magawo ena kungathandizenso kagayidwe kazinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kagayidwe ka shugandi, pokonzanso kafukufuku wa glucose-metaboling. Kuyesa izi, tidamaliza kuwerenga kutentha kwa thupi polimbikitsa mbewa zolemera ndi shuga wotsika (2 g / kg). Njira zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pazowonjezera.
Pamapeto pa phunziroli (Tsiku 25), mbewa zidasambitsidwa kwa maola 2-3 (kuyambira 06:00), othiratsidwa ndi isoflurbincturction. Kuchuluka kwa mapids ndi mahomoni ndi mapids m'chiwindi kumafotokozedwa m'magawo owonjezera.
Kuti mufufuze ngati kutentha kwa chipolopolo kumayambitsa kusintha kwa ma adipose omwe akukhudza lipolysis minofu ya induipissis adachiritsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku mbewa itatha kutuluka magazi. Mafuta adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwe latchulidwa kumene lafotokozedwa bwino njira zowonjezera njira zowonjezera njira zowonjezera.
Brown Adipose minyewa (bat) idasonkhanitsidwa patsiku la kutha kwa kafukufukuyu ndikukonzedwa monga tafotokozera m'mabuku owonjezera.
Zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati SPM SEM. Zojambula zidapangidwa mu plaphpad prcis 9 (La Jolla, CO) ndi zithunzi zidasinthidwa mu Adobe Illustrator (Adobe Servoted, San Jose, Ca). Tanthauzo la Stateical lidayesedwa mu plaphpad prcis ndikuyesedwa ndi mayeso a T-TENEVA yobwerezedwa njira yofananira ndi ma tukey omwe amakonzedwa kangapo Kugawa kwa daussian kwa data kunatsimikiziridwa ndi D'Agostino-Pearson Star Starge asanayese. Kukula kwake kumawonetsedwa mu gawo lolingana la "zotsatira", komanso nthano. Kubwereza kumafotokozedwa ngati muyeso uliwonse womwe umatengedwa ku nyama yomweyo (mu vivo kapena pample ya minofu). Pakusintha kwa kubereka, kuyanjana pakati pa ndalama zamagetsi ndi kutentha kumawonetsedwa m'maphunziro anayi oyimilira pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa zosiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe kofananira.
Zolemba zatsatanetsatane, zida, ndi deta yaiwisi imapezekanso pazofunsidwa kuchokera kwa Woyambitsa Worde E. Kuhre. Phunziroli silinapangitse ma reagents atsopano, a transgenic nyama / ma cell mizere, kapena data.
Kuti mumve zambiri za kapangidwe kake, onani mtundu wa kafukufuku wofufuzira zomwe agawidwa ndi nkhaniyi.
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Post Nthawi: Oct-28-2022
